#Pathological aging series#

This point is really innovative in comparison with other studies similar to MADRID+90.Ģ. Obtaining a representative sample of people over 90 years of age, allowing the generalization of the results obtained. The main results expected from MADRID+90 include the following points:ġ. These incidents, as well as the consequences they have caused and the actions taken to overcome them, are summarised in the following table:

#Pathological aging series#

Problems and changes in the work planĭuring the execution of the work plan initially planned, a series of incidents occurred to which the research team had to respond in order to meet the objectives of MADRID+90. The last column, 'Situation', summarises the state of implementation of each activity:Ģ.3. The activities carried out in the context of MADRID+90 and associated with each specific objective and each specific milestone are described below. The following table lists the objectives of MADRID+90, briefly summarizes the milestones associated with each of them and quantifies the current degree of compliance. Objectives, milestones and degree of compliance Once this phase has been concluded and the first data have been preliminarily analysed, a subsample of 50 individuals who show a preserved cognitive profile will be invited to carry out an extensive in-person clinical assessment at the CIEN Foundation facilities (PAU Vallecas, Madrid).Ģ.1. Currently, MADRID+90 is immersed in the collection of information from this first phase. If so, the researcher has carried out a face-to-face survey in which demographic, clinical, cognitive and lifestyle-related information is collected.

Subsequently, all these persons have been contacted by postal mail to inform them of the objectives of the study and to indicate that a researcher would come to their home a few days later to check their willingness to participate in the proposed study. In the first phase, with the collaboration of the Statistics Office of the Madrid City Council, a stratified random sampling has been carried out by census units, from which 692 people over 90 years of age registered in the city of Madrid have been extracted. Likewise, MADRID+90 will also make it possible to obtain reliable data on the prevalence of cognitively healthy long-lived people with cognitive impairment, as well as to validate a series of assessment instruments in very old people. Its mission is to help identify those demographic, clinical, cognitive and functional variables that behave as protective factors associated with healthy aging. The authors have declared no competing interest.The studies carried out so far with long-lived people are relatively scarce and have not yet defined the morphological substratum of the preservation of the physical and cognitive level at advanced ages. This study reveals fundamental differences in the cellular processes by which natural and pathological aging disrupt the exploration of social cues and social behavior. Cell proliferation remained majorly preserved in 1-year model of Alzheimer’s disease (APP/PS1 Het), whereas naturally aged animals exhibited significant deficiencies in the number of mature, proliferative and progenitor cells.

Analysis of the vomeronasal organ, the main gateway to pheromone-encoded information, indicated that natural and pathological aging distinctively reduce the neurogenic ability of the vomeronasal sensory epithelium. Furthermore, social novelty was diminished in 1-year-old APP/PS1 mice, indicating that alterations in the processing of social cues are accelerated during pathological aging. Our findings indicate that aging distinctively disrupts the processing of social olfactory cues decreasing social odor exploration, discrimination and habituation in both wild type senescent (2-year-old) mice and in 1-year-old double mutant model of Alzheimer’s disease (APP/PS1 Het). Here, we investigated the effect of aging in the recognition of social cues and the display of social behavior. Ss disease cause deficits in olfaction, however it is currently unknown how natural and pathological aging impact the detection of social odors which might contribute to the impoverishment of social behavior at old age further worsening overall health. Normal aging and many age-related disorders such as Alzheimer’